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Museum of Life

Photos And Records

The Archives Collection holds texts, photos, maps, films, and recordings distributed across 102 archives and collections. This material, which includes the personal archives of Oswaldo Cruz and Carlos Chagas, represents a singular repository of the memory and history of health in Brazil, dating as early as 1803.

Other collections: Historical Buildings | Museum Pieces

Portraits

Building the Castle
Oswaldo Cruz
Carlos Chagas
Portraits
Cláudio Amaral and the Eradication of Smallpox
Scientific expedition Penna-Neiva

Portraits

Oswaldo Cruz (1872-1917)
Cruz was a scientist, physician, public health specialist, and pioneer in research on tropical disease and experimental medicine in Brazil. He founded the Federal Serum Therapy Institute, which later became the Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Photo: J. Pinto

Carlos Chagas (1878-1934)
A physician, public health specialist, and scientist, Chagas earned renown for his discovery of an illness that became known as Chagas’s disease. He was the first and only scientist to discover the complete cycle of an infectious disease. Photo: J. Pinto

Belisário Penna (1868-1939)
A physician, public health specialist, and self-proclaimed “apostle of rural sanitation,” Penna was director of the Pro-Sanitation League of Brazil. Photo: J. Pinto

Adolpho Lutz (1855-1940)
Lutz was a Brazilian physician and scientist and a leading proponent of tropical medicine and medical zoology in Brazil. He was a pioneer in the field of epidemiology and in research on infectious diseases. Photo: J. Pinto

Arthur Neiva (1880-1943)
Neiva was a researcher at Manguinhos and a student of Oswaldo Cruz. As a scientist, ethnographer, and politician, Neiva dedicated himself to prevention and medical entomology and studied various species of kissing bugs. Photo: J. Pinto

Evandro Chagas and Emmanuel Dias
Evandro Chagas and Emmanuel Dias - Rio de Janeiro, 1936. Following the death of Carlos Chagas, his son Evandro and godson Emmanuel Dias devoted their careers to studying tropical illnesses, especially Chagas’s disease. Evandro expanded on and further disseminated his father’s work, particularly regarding the cardiac form of the illness. In 1943, Emmanuel Dias founded an advanced research center in Bambuí, Minas Gerais, linked to Fiocruz. The center still operates today. Photo: Acervo COC

Gaspar Vianna (1885-1914)
A medical pathologist, Vianna introduced studies on leishmaniasis, previously an unknown disease. His research in anatomical pathology was decisive to understanding the pathogenic action of Trypanosoma cruzi and to the development of studies on Chagas’s disease. Photo: Acervo COC

Ezequiel Dias (1880-1927)
Dias was a physician and headed the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Belo Horizonte. He conducted research on hematological aspects of Chagas’s disease and tested insecticides to combat the kissing bug. Photo: Acervo COC

Akira Homma
A doctor of veterinary medicine who held a PhD in Science from the Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, U.S., Homma coordinated the programs of both the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in the 1990s. He headed Fiocruz from 1989 to 1990. Photo: Acervo COC

Sérgio Arouca
A physician and public health specialist, Arouca played a lead role in designing Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS). As president of Fiocruz from 1985 to 1989, he was responsible for the re-hiring of the ten scientists who had lost their political and civil rights under the military dictatorship. Photo: Acervo COC

Victims of military persecution return to Manguinhos
From left to right: Augusto Cid de Mello Perissé, Tito Arcoverde Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Haity Moussatché, Fernando Braga Ubatuba, Moacyr Vaz de Andrade, Hugo de Souza Lopes, Masao Goto, Herman Lent, Sebastião José de Oliveira, and Domingos Arthur Machado Filho. Photo: Acervo COC

Paulo Parreiras Horta
At the dawn of the 20th century, Horta, a physician, and Henrique Figueiredo de Vasconcellos were the first Manguinhos researchers to undertake studies of funguses, the causative agent of human mycoses. Photo: Acervo COC

Herman Lent
Lent, who was a physician, published a number of studies on helminthology. Influenced by Arthur Neiva, he later turned to entomology. He was responsible for raising the first kissing bugs at Manguinhos, in 1935. Photo: Acervo COC

Olympio Ribeiro da Fonseca
A physician, Ribeiro da Fonseca was at the helm of Fiocruz from 1949 to 1953. He then became head of the National Institute for Research on the Amazon (INPA). The American College of Surgeons presented him with an Honorary Fellowship in recognition of his contributions to the profession. Photo: Acervo COC

Barão de Pedro Afonso
This surgeon was the first president of the Federal Serum Therapy Institute, while it was still under construction at Manguinhos Farm. In recognition of his experience in producing smallpox vaccine at the Municipal Vaccinogen Institute in Rio de Janeiro, he was invited to head the new institute (1900-1902). Photo: Acervo COC

Hermann Gonçalves Schatzmayr
This virologist was an outstanding figure in Brazilian science. He studied the 1957-1958 flu pandemic in Rio de Janeiro and took part in efforts to eradicate smallpox and combat polio in Brazil. He isolated the viruses of dengue 1, 2, and 3 in Brazil. He headed Fiocruz from 1990 to 1992. Photo: Acervo COC

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