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Cláudio Amaral and the Eradication of Smallpox

Smallpox virus Smallpox is an infectious disease that only afflicts humans. Caused by Orthopoxvirus variolae, the illness erupts suddenly and spreads quickly. Photo: Acervo COC
Reported cases of smallpox in Brazil in 1965 Brazil launched its Smallpox Eradication Campaign on August 31, 1966. Image: Acervo COC
A case of smallpox A girl with smallpox symptoms in the state of Maranhão. Photo: Acervo COC
Cláudio Amaral in Maranhão in 1969 Amaral had begun setting up health services for the Smallpox Eradication Campaign in the state of Maranhão two years earlier. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination campaign A woman receives the vaccine in São Luís, Maranhão. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccinating in São Luís, Maranhão People who lived in stilt homes being vaccinated in 1968. Photo: Acervo COC
José Sarney José Sarney (foreground), then governor of Maranhão and later president of Brazil, photographed during the campaign to eradicate smallpox, 1969. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination agent and his team Vehicles were stopped so passengers could be vaccinated. Maranhão, 1969. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination campaign In São Luís, Maranhão, 1969. Photo: Acervo COC
Eradication campaign In 1970, Claúdio Amaral joined the Public Health Services Foundation and began coordinating the Smallpox Eradication Campaign in the states of Pernambuco, Piauí, Paraíba, Natal, Rio de Janeiro, and Paraná. This photo captures a moment in the campaign in Floriano, Piauí, in 1971. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination campaign in Alagoas, 1970 A jet injector was used to give the vaccine during the campaign, replacing the earlier methods of scarification and multiple puncture. This made it possible to vaccinate more people in a shorter time. Photo: Acervo COC
Launching the campaign in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 1970 Banners urge the public to be vaccinated against smallpox. Photo: Acervo COC  
Cláudio Amaral and educators The team in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, in 1971. Photo: Acervo COC
Cláudio Amaral In Natal in 1971. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccinating in a public square in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, 1971 People were vaccinated in squares and parks, at health posts, in their homes, and along roads and highways. Photo: Acervo COC  
Friar Damião The cleric takes part in the Smallpox Eradication Campaign in the state of Paraíba, 1969. Photo: Acervo COC
Vehicles used during the vaccination campaign Garanhuns, Pernambuco, 1971. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination campaign Cambé, Paraná, 1969. Photo: Acervo COC
Launching the campaign Vaccinating against smallpox in Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in 1970. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccinating in Paraná Arnaldo Busato, state secretary of health, takes part in the Smallpox Eradication Campaign in 1969. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination campaign Paraná, 1970. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccination campaign A child is vaccinated in Paraná. Photo: Acervo COC
Costa e Silva General Costa e Silva is vaccinated by Health Minister Leonel Tavares. Photo: Acervo COC
Smallpox in India After the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eradicated in Brazil in 1973, Cláudio Amaral worked for the agency in India as a consultant on the control of communicable diseases until 1976. Photographs: Acervo COC
Shitala Mata Shitala Mata is worshipped as the goddess of smallpox in India. Photo: Acervo COC
Visit by a vaccinator in Gambela, Ethiopia From 1976 to 1980, Cláudio Amaral was in Ethiopia, accompanying the world’s last cases of smallpox. Photo: Acervo COC
Volunteers looking for smallpox sufferers Gambela, Ethiopia. Photo: Acervo COC  
Volunteers search out cases of smallpox A volunteer shows residents a photograph. Photo: Acervo COC
Vaccinating nomads On the border between Ethiopia and Somalia in 1976. It was only in 1980 that the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated. Photo: Acervo COC
 
 
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